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Objective To investigate the application of the comprehensive use of multiple genetic markers in full and half sibling relationship testing through the identification of a case of suspected sibling relationship. Methods Genomic DNA were extracted from bloodstain samples from 4 subjects （ZHANG-1, ZHANG-2, male; ZHANG-3, ZHANG-4, female）. Autosomal STR loci, X-STR, Y-STR loci and polymorphisms of mtDNA HV-Ⅰ and Ⅱwere genotyped by EX20 STR kit, X19 kit, Data Y24 STR kit, and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Results According to autosomal STR based IBS scoring results, full sibling relationships were indicated among ZHANG-2, ZHANG-3 and ZHANG-4, but those were not indicated between ZHANG-1 and ZHANG-2 or ZHANG-3 or ZHANG-4. According to autosomal STR based FSI and HSI, with ITO method and discriminant function method, full sibling relationships among ZHANG-2, ZHANG-3 and ZHANG-4 were indicated, and half sibling relationships between ZHANG-1 and ZHANG-2 or ZHANG-3 or ZHANG-4 were also indicated. X-STR and mtDNA sequencing results showed that all the 4 samples came from a same maternal line, and Y-STR results showed that ZHANG-1 and ZHANG-2 did not come from a same paternal line, which supported the half sibling relationship between ZHANG-1 and ZHANG-2 or ZHANG-3 or ZHANG-4, verified by parental genotype reconstruction based on autosomal STR genotyping. Conclusion For the identification of sibling relationships, it is effective to have reliable results with the mutual verification and support of multiple genetic markers （autosomal STR, sex chromosomal STR and mtDNA sequence） and calculations （IBS, ITO, discriminant function method and family reconstruction）.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Alleles , Chromosomes, Human, Y , DNA Fingerprinting , Forensic Genetics , Genetic Markers , Genotype , Microsatellite Repeats , SiblingsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of erlotinib in the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) of mice model.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly (random number)divided into control group (n=6),ER group (n=6),LPS group (n=6),and ER+LPS group (n=6).In the LPS group,2 mg/kg LPS was instilled into trachea of mice to induce lung injury.In control group,normal saline was instilled into trachea of mice instead.In the ER+LPS group and ER group,100 mg/kg of edotinib was instilled into stomach of mice,and one hour later.2 mg/kg LPS was instilled into trachea of mice in ER+PLS group to induce lung injury.Twenty-four hours later,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue of mice in four groups were collected.HE staining were used for evaluating pathological changes of lung injury.Lung wet/dry weight ratio,protein concentrations and total cell numbers in the BALF were measured to determine the degree of pulmonary edema.Immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot were used for testing the protein expression of SP-A,Data of multiple groups were analyzed by one way variance (ANOVA) and inter-group comparisons were made by the least significant difference (LSD) tests.Results There was no significant difference in lung injury score (LIS) between control group (0.056±0.008) and ER (0.064±0.037) group,The LIS in LPS group (0.846-±0.047) was higher than that in control group,however the LIS in ER+LPS group (0.279±0.020) was significant lower than that in LPS group (P ＜ 0.05).Lung wet/dry weight,SP-A concentration and total cell numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed that the degree of pulmonary edema in LPS group was higher than that in control group,and this pulmonary edema was reversed by erlotinib treatment.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot showed that the expression of SP-A in LPS group was decreased compared with control group,but it was recovered after erlotinib treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Erlotinib could protect the LPS-induced ALI,and it may be related to the regulation of SP-A.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>OnabotulinumtoxinA is widely used in treating neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of the drug for treating NDO.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. All published randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of NDO were identified in the analysis. The reference lists of the retrieved studies were also investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four publications involving a total of 807 patients were identified in the analysis, which compared onabotulinumtoxinA with placebo. The changes of the mean number of urinary incontinence per week (the standardized mean difference [SMD] = -10.91, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] = -14.18--7.63, P < 0.0001); maximum cystometric capacity (SMD = 146.09, 95% CI = 126.19-165.99, P < 0.0001) and maximum detrusor pressure (SMD = -32.65, 95% CI = -37.83--27.48, P < 0.0001) indicated that onabotulinumtoxinA was more effective than the placebo, despite the doses of onabotulinumtoxinA. Safety assessments primarily localized to the urinary tract indicated onabotulinumtoxinA were often associated with more complications. Urinary tract infections (relative risk [RR] =1.48, 95% CI = 1.20-1.81, P = 0.0002); hematuria (RR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.00-3.24, P = 0.05) and urinary retention (RR = 5.87, 95% CI = 3.61-9.56, P < 0.0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This meta-analysis indicates that onabotulinumtoxinA to be an effective treatment for NDO with side effects primarily localized to urinary tract.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Botulinum Toxins, Type A , Therapeutic Uses , Urinary Bladder, Overactive , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the impacts of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TUEVP) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on male sexual function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We identified randomized controlled trials on the influence of TURP, TUEVP and HoLEP on the sexual function of BPH patients, and performed meta-analysis on the included data using Revman 5.0.25.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine randomized controlled trials involving 1 050 BPH patients were included in the meta-analysis. The baseline of the study was comparable. TURP affected erectile function less than TUEVP (P = 0.04), but the two had no significant difference in their influence on ejaculatory function. Nor was any significant difference found between HoLEP and TURP in their influence on either erectile or ejaculatory function at 12 and 24 months after surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TUEVP induces a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction than TURP, but its influence on ejaculatory function is not significantly different from the latter. HoLEP and TURP have no significant difference in their influence on erectile function and ejaculatory function.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Erectile Dysfunction , Prostatic Hyperplasia , General Surgery , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Transurethral Resection of Prostate , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cancer cells with overexpression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) are resistant to chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox). Paclitaxel (Pacl) was reported to suppress HSP27 expression in ovarian and uterine cancer cells. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether Pacl inhibits the expression of HSP27 in breast cancer cells, whether Pacl can sensitize breast cancer cells with HSP27 overexpression to Dox, and to define a more effective schedule for the combination of Dox with Pacl.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The HSP27 high-expressing human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435, and the HSP27 low-expressing cell line, MDA-MB-231, were used in this study. The level of HSP27, topoisomerase (Topo) IIalpha and beta expression were assessed by Western blotting. The cytotoxic activities of Dox, Pacl and combination of these two drugs were evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometric assays.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pacl (0.1 micromol/L) inhibited HSP27 expression by approximately 2-fold in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 cells, while up-regulating the level of topo IIalpha and beta. In contrast, expression of HSP27 in MDA-MB-231 did not change significantly following Pacl treatment. There were synergistic effects in both treatment sequences (Pacl-Dox and Dox-Pacl) when Pacl was combined with Dox. Compared with those treated with the Dox-Pacl sequence, the Pacl-Dox sequence had a stronger effect in cancer cells with HSP27 overexpression, as MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 treated with the Pacl-Dox sequence had lower viabilities and a higher apoptotic rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Paclitaxel significantly decreases the level of HSP27 in breast cancer cells overexpressing HSP27. In combination therapies, the Pacl-Dox sequence is more effective in clearing breast cancer cells with high HSP27 expression compared with the Dox-Pacl sequence.</p>